Pramoedya Ananta Toer

Pramoedya Ananta Toer (born in Blora, Central Java, 6 February 1925 - died in Jakarta, 30 April 2006 in the age of 81 years), widely regarded as one of the author of the productive in the history of Indonesian literature. Pramoedya has more than 50 works, and translated into more than 41 foreign languages.
Boyhood
Pramoedya was born in Blora, in the heart of Java Island, in 1925 as the eldest child in the family. His father was a teacher, while his mother to trade rice. Pramoedya is the original name of Pramoedya Ananta Mastoer, written as a collection of short stories in the semi-otobiografinya entitled Stories from Blora. Because the name Mastoer family (his father's name) felt too aristokratik, he removed the leading Java "Mas" from the name and use "Toer" as the name of the family. Pramoedya through education on the Radio Vocational School in Surabaya, and later worked as a typist for the Japanese newspaper in Jakarta during the Japanese occupation of Indonesia.
Post-independence Indonesia
At the time of independence of Indonesia, he followed the military groups in Java and often placed in Jakarta at the end of the war of independence. He was writing the book and the cliff along the career militernya and not necessarily when the Netherlands in Jakarta in 1948 and 1949. In the 1950s he lived in the Netherlands as part of a cultural exchange program, and when he returned to Indonesia to become a member of Lekra, a left-wing organizations in Indonesia. Style changed during the annual period, as shown in his corruption, fiction criticism in the civil service in the fall of the trap of corruption. This creates friction between him and the Soekarno government.
During that time, he began to learn torture Indonesia to the Chinese, and at the same time, he began to relate closely with the author in China. Specifically, he issued a series of letters with the letter-writers discuss the history of the Chinese Chinese in Indonesia, entitled Hoakiau in Indonesia. He is not concerned that critics of government-sentris Java on the needs and wishes of other areas in Indonesia, and is known suggests that the government must move to the outer. In the 1960s he was detained Soeharto because of the pro-Communist views Tiongkoknya. A book banned from circulation, and he was detained without trial in Nusakambangan off the coast of Java, and finally in Buru island in eastern Indonesia.
Controversy
When Pramoedya get the Ramon Magsaysay Award, 1995, by 26 prominent Indonesian literature to write a letter 'protest' to the Ramon Magsaysay Foundation. They do not agree, the accused Pramoedya as "the mouthpiece at once the most vicious murderer Lekra, slug, steal, slaughter and devour" in the Guided Democracy, inappropriate given the prize and demanded deprivation, which awarded the prizes to Pramoedya.
But several days later, Taufik Ismail as the initiator, giving rectify it. He said, not demands' retraction ', but to remind' who Pramoedya was. He said, many people do not know 'dark reputation' Pram first. And the Magsaysay award said as a faux pas. But on the other hand, Mochtar Lubis even threaten to return the Magsaysay prize awarded in the year 1958, if the Pram will be awarded the same prize.
Lubis also said, HB Jassin will restore the Magsaysay prize ever received. But, in fact telling the next, HB Jassin said that even as other statements from Mochtar Lubis.
In various opinion-opininya in the media, signing the petition is 26 feel as victims of circumstances pre-1965. And they claim responsibility Pram, to acknowledge and apologize role will be all 'is not commendable' in 'the dark for the most creativity' in the era Guided Democracy. PRAM, said Mochtar Lubis, led the suppression of fellow artists who do not agree with it.
Meanwhile, Pramoedya own writing and assess all his speech at the pre-1965 is not over 'polemic among ordinary' that can be followed by anyone. He is involved in various deny the action 'too far'. He also felt difitnah, when charged with burning the books of all involved. He even suggested that the case is brought to court only if the material enough. If it is not enough, take it to the open forum, he said, but with the stipulation I can answer and defend themselves, he added.
Since the New Order rule, Pramoedya never get the freedom express their own voices, and has been attacked several times himself and Revenance openly in the newspaper.
But the exposure painter scream Joko, who also was a prisoner on the island of Buru, Pramoedya he mentions as a 'diver-write'. Employment interpreter-write the definition by Joko squeal is Pramoedya get 'work' from the Island of Buru ketiknya them as carpenters. In fact, according to Joko scream, the fate Pramoedya generally better than the existing detention. Status as leaders by the media artist who is internationally-luaskan, he makes life bearable with the facilities - especially if there are delegates from the 'outside' certainly came Pramoedya will be a 'coming'.