Sundanese language

Sundanese (Basa Sunda, literally "language of Sunda") is the language of about 27 million people from the western third of Java or about 15% of the Indonesian population.
It is classified within the Austronesian - Malayo-Polynesian - Western Malayo-Polynesian - Sundic language family and has several dialects based on the locations of the people:

• Banten
• Bogor
• Priangan
• Cirebon.
  

Priangan, which cover the most area of Sunda, is the main dialect of Sundanese language taught in elementary till junior-high schools (equivalent to ninth-year school grade).
Sundanese language
Currently, Sundanese is written in the Latin script and its orthography is highly phonetic (see also Sundanese script). There are five pure vowel sounds: a (/ɑ/), é (/ɛ/), i (/i/), o (/ɔ/), u (/ʊ/), and two neutral vowels; e (/ə/), and eu (/oʊ/). The consonantal phonemes (18 - but see below) are rendered by the letters p, b, t, d, k, g, c (pronounced as /tʃ/), j, h, ng (which also occurs initially), ny (/ɳ/), m, n, s (/s/), w, l, r (trilled or flapped) and y. Other consonants that originally appear in Indonesian loanwords mostly transferred into main consonants: f -> p, v -> p, sy -> s, sh -> s, z -> j, and kh (/x/) -> h.
Definition of Sundanese Phonology, according to Yayat Sudaryat (1985:26)says: "Fonologi nyaeta bagean tina elmu basa anu maluruh jeung medar sora-sora basa, prosesna, selang surupna, jeung parobahanana".
There are 16 consonants in Sundanese phonology, according to Yayat Sudaryat (1991,35): "fonem konsonan (contoid) nya eta sora omongan (fonem) anu kawangun ku hawa anu kaluar tina bayah sarta waktu liwat tikoro aya nu ngahalangan. konsonan nu aya dina basa sunda, nyaeta: /b/, /ts/, /d/, /g/, /h/, /dʒ/, /k/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /p/, /r/, /s/, /n/, /t/, /n'/, kuayana pangaruh basa kosta sok kapanggih konsonan /f/, /v/, /z/ mangrupa fomem nu asalna pangaruh basa kosta, saperti dina kecap: fonem, qur'an, xerox, zakat".
Based on the statement above, it is clear that the Sundanese language has only 16 consonants, there are three consonants /f, v, z/ which exist in Sundanese as a result of borrowing words, but naturally they are not Sundanese consonants.
Furthermore, Sudaryat does not mention the phonemes /w, j/ as semi vowels, although as vowels, /w, j/ function as a glide sound between two different vowels, as in the words:
* Kueh - /ku w eh/
* Muih - /mu w ih/
* Bear - /be A ar/
* Miang - Mi j an/
Phonemes /w/ and /j/ function as glide sounds between two different vowels as i the words:
* wa - rung
* wa - yang
* ba - wang
* ha - yang
* ku - ya
Sundanese language is the first language used by the people in java, including central java and east java.
Basic grammar
Root verb
English Sundanese
(normal) Sundanese
(polite)
eat .. dahar .. tuang ..(for other)
neda ..(for myself)
drink .. inum .. leueut ..
write .. tulis .. serat ..
read .. maca .. maos ..
forget .. poho .. hilap ..
remember .. inget .. emut ..
sit .. diuk .. calik ..
stand .. tangtung .. adeg ..
walk .. jalan .. papah ..
Active form
Most of active form in sundanese verb are in their root verb like 'diuk' or 'dahar'. Some other depend on first phonem in root verb:
1. first phonem in 'd' are eliminated and change to prefiks 'nga' like in 'ngadahar'
2. first phonem in 'i' are eliminated and change to prefiks 'ng' like in 'nginum'
3. first phonem in 'b' are eliminated and change to prefiks 'm' like in 'maca
Question
Dupi -(question)
For example:
* Dupi Bapa aya di bumi? (is your father at home?)
* Dupi bumi di palih mana? (where do you live?)
Adjectives
For example:
teuas (hard), tiis (cool), hipu (soft), lada (hot, usually for foods), haneut (warm), etc.
Prepositions
Place
English Sundanese
(normal) Sundanese
(polite)
above .. diluhureun .. diluhureun ..
behind .. ditukangeun .. dipengkereun ..
under .. dihandapeun .. dihandapeun ..
inside .. di jero .. di lebet ..
outside .. di luar .. di luar ..
between ..
and .. di antara ..
jeung .. di antawis ..
sareng ..
front .. hareup .. payun ..
back .. tukang .. pengker ..

Time
English Sundanese
(normal) Sundanese
(polite)
before saacan sateuacan
after sanggeus saparantos
during basa nalika
past baheula kapungkur
Miscellaneous
English Sundanese
(normal) Sundanese
(polite)
from tina tina
for jang kanggo